Rottenness in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay - 971 Words

Denmark is a land wreaked by unnatural turmoil. From the opening scene we can infer that â€Å"something is rotten in the state of Denmark†. Throughout the play Shakespeare gives us insight into the inner rottenness of Denmark. In Claudius we see a deceptive, scheming politician and murderer. From his associate Polonius we see the unholy acts of sanctioned spying. Hamlet undermines the true Christian principles for which a â€Å"divine† King would have stood. Gertrude herself lends to the pervading atmosphere of distrust and uncertainty in Denmark. With only a month having passed between the point of the King’s burial and her remarriage to Claudius, Hamlet explores the callous indifference of a mother towards the feelings of a son, and†¦show more content†¦The Ghost’s moral ambiguity is revealed in greater depth during conversation with Hamlet. The Ghost of Old Hamlet seems to embody the dark state of Denmark when, instead of asking for pity, it asks for revenge – a morally dubious proposition, certainly by Christian standards. â€Å"Let not the royal bed of Denmark be/ A couch for luxury and damned incest.† The distinct imagery of the Ghost’s speech in Act I gives us some insight into the depths of corruption in Denmark. We are told in no uncertain terms of the â€Å"adulterate beast† that is Claudius. And so the rottenness in Denmark is further reinforced by calls for the murder of the King. Claudius is himself an embodiment of much of what is wrong in the state of Denmark. In his maiden speech to the court he says, â€Å"With mirth in funeral and with dirge in marriage.† Such equivocation and twisting of the natural order is common in Claudius, a character portrayed as being morally bankrupt. Hamlet picks up on this unnatural state of affairs in his first soliloquy, tenaciously stating: â€Å"How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable/ Seems to me all the uses of this world!† then adding, â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢tis an unweeded garden/ That grows to seed, things rank and gross in nature.† We see the rottenness in Claudius’ soul at various points in the play, but it is most clearly evident in the commissioning of Rosencrantz, GuildensternShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - The Moral Corruption Essay2770 Words   |  12 Pages William Shakespeare’s Hamlet has been widely regarded as one of the greatest tragedies ever written. One prominent theme exemplified in this particular play is the theme of rottenness or decay. Shakespeare uniquely uses disease, rotting, and decay in order to reveal the manifestation and consequence of moral corruption. Physical corruption mirrors the moral corruption within the characters in the play. The moral corruption in Denmark is showcased for the readers throughout the play by images ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1162 Words   |  5 PagesAgapay Ms. Maloney AP Literature and Composition November 17, 2015 Hamlet â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark† (I, iv, 90). In other words, something is not right. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the young prince, Hamlet, experiences numerous dilemmas in the country. In order for the country to remain stable, each character must follow the moral. As the play moves forward, Shakespeare uncovers the real extent of ‘rottenness’ coming from several characters. Rotten can be either physical or mentalRead MoreSomething Is Rotten in the State of Denmark Essays741 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction: William Shakespeares Hamlet has been considered the greatest tragedy to ever be written. Shakespeare develops the theme of both physical and psychological decay and corruption through the actions, dialogues, and figurative language of the characters.   â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.† –Marcellus (Act 1, Scene 4) The following quote was taken from Act 1, Scene 4 and was said by Marcellus. Interestingly, it foreshadows one of the main themes in the play Hamlet- That is corruptionRead MoreLanguage Techniques in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage Techniques in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Shakespeare used a variety of language techniques throughout Hamlet, which contribute to the themes in the play. They also help to add more meaning and understanding for the audience. Soliloquies, word play, symbols and other figurative language are some of these important techniques that enhance Hamlet. The way Shakespeare switches Read MoreHamlet: Themes of Morality, Revenge, and Obsession597 Words   |  2 Pages Hamlet: Themes of mortality, revenge, and obsession. Mortality, revenge and obsession remain very apparent throughout Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Though every character has faced challenges and trying times of their own, it is very apparent that Shakespeare’s theme of mortality is indeed intended. From the wake of Hamlet’s Father’s death to the downfall of King Claudius, readers experience complexities and intricacy through matters of life and death which allow them to understand the mind of those affectedRead MoreCorruption in Hamlet by William Shakespeare1279 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome a barrier to continual development and make it so that essentially no room remains for justice to succeed. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the destructive force of corruption is clearly exemplified through the abundance of imagery concerning decay, death, disease, sickness, and infection as the play progresses. The first and foremost example of this corruptionis the murder of King Hamlet and the resulting incestuous marriage of Gertrude and Claudius, which forms the foundation for corruption becomingRead MoreImagery of Disease in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesImagery of Disease in Hamlet by William Shakespeare The disease imagery in Hamlet serves to constantly remind the reader of the initial problem in the play: King Hamlets poisoning by his brother. After hearing his father graphically describe the murder, it is constantly on Hamlets mind. For this reason, many of the images that Hamlet creates in the play are connected with disease and poison. The literal poisoning becomes symbolic of the rest of the events of the play. Remember that poisoningRead More Disease, Sickness, Death, and Decay in Hamlet Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesDeath, Sickness, and Decay in Hamlet    Decay is defined as a gradual decline; deterioration, disease as any departure from health.   Both have many forms: physical, psychological, social, etc.   Multiple examples of illness and deterioration can be found in the tragedy Hamlet.   In this drama, Shakespeare uses imagery of decay and disease and the emotional and moral decay of his characters to enhance the atmosphere of the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The drama Hamlet abounds with images of decay and diseaseRead MoreHamlets Soliloquy Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesWhen analyzing Shakespeares Hamlet through the deconstructionist lens various elements of the play come into sharper focus. Hamlets beliefs about himself and his crisis over indecision are expounded upon by the binary oppositions created in his soliloquies. Hamlet’s first soliloquy comes in act one scene two, as Hamlet reflects on the current state of events. The chief focus of this soliloquy is essentially the rottenness of the king, queen and the world in general. In this passage the readerRead MoreEssay about Hamlet3448 Words   |  14 PagesHamlet William Shakespeare is seen to many as one of the great writers in history. More specifically, the characters in his plays are reviewed and criticized and have been so for nearly four centuries. The character that many have revered Shakespeare for is perhaps the greatest such character ever in literature, Hamlet from Shakespeares Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. The commentary and response to this legend of literature is of wide array and opinion, though most, such as Pennington, believe

A Summary of Bipolar Disorder Essay - 1011 Words

BIPOLAR DISORDER 1 Bipolar Disorder, often called Manic Depression, is a medical condition that involves severe mood swings in an individual. It is a lifetime condition that needs to be treated to keep it in remission (APA). It is not just a mental illness, but a medical disease involving the brain. 2 The disease progresses as the years pass and the frequency of mood changing episodes becomes more frequent (MHN). Bipolar Disorder involves depressive and manic phases. With the symptoms presented, clinicians often misdiagnose patients as schizophrenics (Shalala). 3 Bipolar affects an individual’s thoughts, feelings, health, behavior and ability to function. The disease is not a result of a weak personality, as many people believe.†¦show more content†¦In the manic phase, the individual sleeps only a few hours, yet is feels perfectly rested. They tend to be talkative, distracted and overly goal-oriented. Unfortunately, they seldom follow through with their goals. Pleasurable activities become very important, particularly those that involve high risk. The ego becomes inflated beyond reality and their thoughts and ideas race continuously (Long). 9 Hypomania is a much milder form of mania. In this phase, the individual can easily fall into a deep depression or escalate into full-blown mania (APA). 10 The last phase, mixed episode, is when an individual shows symptoms from both manic and depressive phases. 11 There are many different theories on what causes bipolar disorder. There seems to be a connection with family prevalence. Those with a parent with the disorder have a one in seven chance of being bipolar themselves. An earlier age of onset is typical in these cases. the typical age of onset is adolescent and earlier adulthood (Shalala). 12 Other probable causes are biochemistry, biological clocks and psychological stress. It is known that those with bipolar disorder are more vulnerable to emotional and physical stress (APA). 13 The diagnosis of bipolar disorder typically takes up to eight years. Clinicians mistakenly diagnose depression, anxiety, schizophrenia or paranoia. Inappropriate treatments only make the disorder worse. Anti-depressants lift the patient intoShow MoreRelatedPrevalence Rate For Bipolar I Disorder1552 Words   |  7 Pageslifetime prevalence rate for Bipolar I Disorder is 0.6% and the 12-month prevalence rate is 0.4% of the overall population (Merikangas et al, 2011). The United States had the highest reported lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders with 4.4% and a 12-month prevalence of 2.8%. In addition, lifetime prevalence rates for bipolar I disorder were found to be slightly higher in males than in females. While much of the reported prevalence rates for bipolar disorder are based on adults 18 yearsRead MoreThe Operational Definition Of Bipolar Disorder1578 Words   |  7 Pagesis to discuss the operational definition of bipolar disorder, identify the additional specifi ers, comorbidity, prevalence and discuss the cost of treating the disorder. Also, a detailed explanation will be provided about the population most impacted by the selected disorder and evidence-based approaches to assessing the disorder will be presented. In addition, evidence-based treatment approaches to address the disorder will be displayed. Last, a summary will be shared by relating an interventionRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )956 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar Disorder Definition Bipolar Disorder is an increasingly common mood disorder that effects millions of people worldwide. In order to understand the plight of any psychiatric patient suffering from this ailment or to be prepared to treat this disease, it is pertinent to first fully understand what this mental disorder truly is. The first misconception surrounding bipolar disorder is that it is just one disease, contrarily it can be divided into two different sub categories. The National InstituteRead MoreThe Case Of Howard V. Delaware1458 Words   |  6 Pages11-25-2015 Professor Scurich In the case of Howard v. Delaware, Howard, a thirty- two-year-old truck driver convicted of sexual assault against his former co-worker Stacy, suffers from mood disorders. From the summary presented it is evident that he suffers from bipolar disorder, a form of mood disorder. Mood disorders have both a depressive and manic episode. In the depressive episode, over a two-week period an individual has either a depressed mood or anhedonia, which is a lack of positive mood or aRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1155 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder Research Paper What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar Disorder is an increasingly common mood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. In order to understand the plight of any psychiatric patient suffering from this ailment or to be prepared to treat this disease, it is pertinent to first understand what this mental disorder truly is. The first misconception surrounding bipolar disorder is that it is just one disease, contrarily it can be divided into two different sub categoriesRead MoreClinical Outcome Research Regarding Pediatric Bipolar Disorder950 Words   |  4 PagesSection 1. Summary of Clinical Outcome Research Regarding Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder is a life-impacting condition that is often chronic, creates significant impairment, and is marked by a cycling between depressive and manic episodes. These episodes are manifested by unusual and extreme shifts in mood, energy levels, and behaviors that interfere with executive functioning (Wilkinson, Taylor, Holt, 2002). Divided into two levels of diagnosis; Bipolar I Disorder is defined by theRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Psychological Disorder1293 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar disorder is a psychological disorder in which a person alternates between being depressed to extremely happy and being cross or irritable. Bipolar disorder is also known manic-depressive illness. Bipolar disorder can cause shifts in energy, mood and activity level. This disorder can cause damage up to many things like relationships, jobs, school performance and even suicide. There are many treatments to bipolar disorder for those that have or are being affected. Bipolar Disorder BipolarRead MoreYoung Adults With Bipolar Disorders1171 Words   |  5 PagesYoung Adults with Bipolar Disorders Anjana Muralidharan Emory University School of Medicine â€Æ' Abstract In this study researchers investigated and sample many young adult’s ages (18-40 yrs.) with bipolar disorders found them to associate with Behavioral Approach System (BAS). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) dysregulation including emotional reactivity to negative feedback and schemas and self-criticism/perfectionism. There were twenty- two young adults with bipolar I disorder and 22 matched didRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorder is a fairly common, yet publicly uneducated topic. Bipolar disorder is a frequently repeated and progressive condition wherein one experiences at least one manic episode followed by at least one depressive episode. According to Ferri and Reus (2016), bipolar disorder could be caused from calcium dysregulation, an abnormality of GABA, and the G-protein-coupled receptor abnormality (p. 174). The pathogenesis of bipolar disorder is that it is a heritable condition in whichRead MoreA Family Member Or Friend Who Suffers From Bipolar Disorder?1689 Words   |  7 PagesDo you know a family member or friend who suffers from Bipolar Disorder? Jessica was one of my friends from College, during college she was an outstanding student, she was always on time with assignments, no absences, and on top of the class. Everything in her room and study papers were extremely organized, but sometimes she last days with insomnia and cried without motive. Her parents’ divorce cause a terrible impact in her family, the doctors diagnosed her mom with major depression. After college

Antigone as Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Ant Essay Example For Students

Antigone as Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Ant Essay igone essays Antigone as Tragic Hero Heroes come in many forms. Some such as immense in size and strength as Hercules, some in the form of people that are shunned upon, such as Harriet Tubman, and some that are only valorous heroes to some, such as Kurt Cobain. These heroes have many characteristics that make people flock to their side and follow them without a thought of hesitation. In Sophocles Antigone the hero is a women that believes in her heart far stronger than that of her leaders rule. This brings up many characteristics that are shown within her that are also seen in other heroes. One being that she is up against an impossible enemy, one who does not fit well into societys mold, and is destroyed by her own pride. For these characteristics Antigone is given the title of an epic Heroin. Antigone is one of the lucky townsfolk to be born of a royal house, yet is unlucky to be born in the House that she is born into. As Antigone defies Creons law, she is cast into a pool of danger between what she believes is right and what the states law decrees is right. As Antigone is charged with the burying of her brother, an action which the King has declared unlawful, she holds like stone to her undying gratitude for her deceased brother. She holds to this thought because of the fact that she believes that her, who died fighting against the state, must be interred with the same honor as her brother who died defending the state. She believes that this will help lift the curse plagued on the household. The curse in which there father tried to hold at bay and failed. Her sister Ismene warned Antigone by exclaiming Sister please, please! remember how our father die: hated, in disgrace, wrapped in horror of himself, his own hand stabbing out his sight. And how his mother-wife in one, twisted off her earthly days with a cord. And thirdly how our two brothers in a single day each achieved for each a suicidal Nemesis (166). This has already gave Antigone the mind set that even the Gods are against her will. She is also up against a great foe in fighting that of Creons edict. Ismene has said this: The rest, if we defy our sovereigns edict and his power. Remind ourselves that we are women, and such not made to fight with men. For might unfortunately is right and makes us bow to things like this and worse (167). So as one would believe Antigone sees herself as not only on who can defy the power of the Gods but the power of the state. Thus she would be up against an force greater than her own. Second, another characteristics of a tragic hero is that the person does not always fit into societys mold. The tragic hero is usually one who wants change, yet also needs the peace that goes along with stability. The fact that the tragic hero also usually thinks that they are in there right mind when yet the rest of the society thinks that they are mad. Antigone has said Say that I am mad, and madly let me risk the worst that I can suffer and the best (168). this shows that although Antigone thinks she is doing is right, she also does not care how the other members of society deem her for her action. Antigone also must believe that she must be different from .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a , .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a .postImageUrl , .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a , .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a:hover , .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a:visited , .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a:active { border:0!important; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a:active , .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6515d33f0ccafcd557c8decaa0cc4c0a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Overcoming Fear Essaynot only society but members of her family. Creon notes on this when he is asking her about his proclamation O, shes the man, not I, if she can walk away unscathed! I swear I hardly care if she be my sisters child, or linked to me by blood more closely than any member of my hearth and home (181). This should also show one that Creon does not care about her nobility and that he will treat her just like one any other member of society. Lastly, Antigone is inherently destroyed by the one thing that is her tragic flaw: excessive pride. This was also a downfall of her father Oedipus. This pride could also be confused with honor. Antigone not only defies Creons edict but also makes a mockery of it when he asks her about it. When asked if she knows the edict her exclamation is Of course I knew. Was it not .

Int Task 3-Toilet Paper Experiment Essay Example

Int Task 3-Toilet Paper Experiment Paper INT Task 3: Toilet Paper Absorbency Project Design Plan Problem Statement: Absorbency of toilet paper is found in many aspects when it comes to choosing the right toilet paper. When choosing toilet paper people base their decisions on many factors. Those factors include price, name brand, availability, quantity for the price, and even media deliverance (i. e. commercials) of toilet paper. Although these factors are of key importance, what about the absorbency of toilet paper? This experiment is conducted in the hopes of showing three different levels of absorbency. Testable Question: How does the saturation of three different brands of toilet paper compare? Literature Review: Based off two previous scientific experiments that were found, the results mirrored each other. Both experiments took multiple sheets of toilet paper and applied a controlled amount of liquid to each brand, in which the absorbency was recorded based off the brand. What was found is that the more expensive brand required less sheets to be used in terms of absorbency against the off brand toilet papers that were used in the experiments. It would appear that although the better toilet paper is more expensive, it is a better value due to having to use fewer sheets. (Dunbar, 2008) (Katwith6lives, 2010). Experimental Design The experiment will use three different brands of toilet paper. They are Charmin, White Cloud, and a local store brand paper. The experiment will start off by using fifteen sheets of each brand, that will be placed on top of saran wrap, and apply 3mL of green dyed water to each stack of toilet paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Int Task 3-Toilet Paper Experiment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Int Task 3-Toilet Paper Experiment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Int Task 3-Toilet Paper Experiment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After allowing the saturated toilet paper stacks to sit for 15 seconds observations will be made as to the amount of green dyed water that has accumulated on the saran wrap that the stacks of toilet paper have been sitting on. If any water is present measurements will be taken using a syringe to show the amount of water that was left behind from the stacks of paper by suctioning up the excess water with the syringe and observing the measurement of unsaturated water, if no water is visible, or unable to take measurements due to lack of excessive water, the amount of sheets that became saturated will be recorded. This process will be repeated by reducing the amount of sheets in increments of five, allowing for three tests to be conducted (15, 10 and 5). All three brands of toilet paper measures 3inx3in per square. The reasoning behind choosing this experiment is simply based off of its simplicity. The steps taken in this experiment are easy enough for anyone of any age to conduct the same experiment in the hopes of different results, or to see the same results this experiment produced. The tools used for this experiment are as follows: Charmin toilet paper, White Cloud toilet paper, local store’s brand name toilet paper, syringe measured in increments of milliliters (using 3mL of water for each test), saran wrap to collect any liquid not absorbed by the toilet paper stacks and green food coloring to highlight the saturated and the unsaturated by the stacks of toilet paper used. The dependant variable is the reduction of toilet paper from fifteen, to ten and then finally to five sheets. The independent variable will be the amount of water used during each test run, which will be 3mL. Last, the controlled variable will be the amount of time used to test the level of saturation for each test run, which will be 15 seconds for each brand of toilet paper, a stop watch will be used to ensure accuracy. To reduce the threats to internal validity, the name brand will not sway the experiment and make the tester think the better brand will be the most absorbent. Each toilet paper stack will be treated as if they are all the same brand. Other factors that will not be considered are price, availability, softness of toilet paper or quantity within each package. Also, the outcome of each test run will not assumed due to previous test runs, that is, assuming that the toilet paper that performed best in terms of saturation in previous tests will perform at the same level. The controlled variable, which is the amount of time used during each test run, 15 seconds, will also help to validate each test. By ensuring that the same time is used each time, the level of saturated and unsaturated sheets can easily be measured by counting the sheets that were left saturated and unsaturated after each 15 second interval. The relationship between the independent variable, amount of water used, and the dependent variable, the reduction of toilet paper, gives this experiment the ability to easily show the saturation of each brand of toilet paper and well as the unsaturated aspect of each brand of toilet paper. Hypothesis: The absorbency of toilet paper must be in direct relation to the quality of such said toilet paper. The absorbency of toilet paper does not have any impact on price, name brand, availability or the amount of toilet paper used. This hypothesis was derived due to the outside influence consumers’ encounter from name brand, ord of mouth or media deliverance of toilet paper. It is predicted that Charmin would be the most absorbent in terms of saturation due to its thickness. Process of Data Collection: When beginning the experiment a large piece of saran wrap was taped on the counter and it was then sectioned of into three sections, one for Charmin, and another for White Cloud and th e remainder of the saran wrap for the local store’s name brand, then folded stacks of each brand in increments of fifteen sheets and placed them in their appropriate section. Brands used. Initial setup of experiment. Initial observation of setting up the experiment was that the Charmin and Local Store Brand toilet paper tore apart from the roll without issue. Unfortunately the White Cloud brand would rip and tear easily and the 2-ply sheets came apart from each other, which was not an issue present with the Charmin and Local Store Brand toilet papers’. **In terms of saturation for this experiment it is defined as the amount of sheets that will show visible green water. Unsaturated will be where there is no green water present. This will then be recorded and later shown in pie charts. * Upon setting up the experiment as shown above measurements of each toilet paper stack were taken. The measurements are as follows: Charmin: 1/2in. tall White Cloud: 1/4in. tall Local Store Brand: 3/4in. tall After setting up and taking measurements the experiment was ready to begin. The first test was with 15 sheets of each brand of toilet paper which was saturated with 3mL of green dyed water. Testing allow ed saturation to occur over a time frame of 15 seconds with use of a timer. The results are as follows: Charmin: No water or saturation present on the bottom of the stack. Ten sheets where fully saturated (completely wet) and five sheets were unsaturated (completely dry). This was measured by counting the saturated and unsaturated sheets. White Cloud: Although no water was present on the saran wrap, there was significant saturation on the bottom of the stack. No visible water to measure. Thirteen sheets were saturated (completely wet) and two sheets were unsaturated (completely dry). This was measured by counting the saturated and unsaturated sheets. Local Store Brand: Same results as White Cloud brand. No visible water to measure. Thirteen sheets were saturated (completely wet) and two sheets were unsaturated (completely dry). This was measured by counting the saturated and unsaturated sheets. Saturation is present in above picture taken during experiment. Number of sheets saturated was visibly observed, counted and recorded. Next step of the experiment was to reduce the toilet paper stacks by 5 sheets, now 10 sheets of toilet paper per stack. This was done by using 10 dry squares for each brand of toilet paper. Then applying 3mL of green dyed water to each stack and allowed to saturate for 15 seconds with use of a timer. The results are as follows: Charmin: No excess water present but full saturation on bottom of stack. No visible signs of water to measure. Seven sheets were saturated (completely wet) and three sheets were unsaturated (completely dry). This was measured by counting the saturated and unsaturated sheets. White Cloud: Saturation was just as heavy on the bottom as on the top of the stack and saran wrap was moist but no signs of water. A yellow ring also was present. (See photo). No visible signs of water to measure. Nine sheets were saturated (completely wet) and one sheet unsaturated (completely dy). This was measured by counting the saturated and unsaturated sheets. Local Store Brand: Same as White Cloud but a small puddle of water was present on saran wrap. No visible signs of water to measure. All ten sheets were saturated. This was measured by counting the saturated and unsaturated sheets. Saturation is present in above picture taken during experiment. Number of sheets saturated were visibly observed, counted and recorded. The last step of the experiment was to once again reduce the number of sheets for each stack by 5 sheets, now 5 sheets per toilet paper stack. This was done by using 5 dry squares for each brand of toilet paper. Then applying 3mL of green dyed water to each stack and allowed to saturate for 15 seconds with use of a timer. The results are as follows: Charmin: Full saturation on the bottom of the stack, the saran wrap was moist, although no water to measure. All five sheets were saturated (completely wet). This was measured by counting the saturated and unsaturated sheets. White Cloud: Full saturation on the bottom of the stack, a small puddle of water was present on the saran wrap and the yellow ring presented itself again. Not enough water to measure. All five sheets were saturated (completely wet). This was measured by counting the saturated and unsaturated sheets. Local Store Brand: Full saturation was present on the bottom of the stack as well as a large puddle of water present on the saran wrap. Not enough water to measure. All five sheets were saturated (completely wet). This was measured by counting the saturated and unsaturated sheets. Saturation is present in above picture taken during experiment. Number of sheets saturated were visibly observed, counted and recorded. The above methods in the experiment were used for a variety of reasons. The different amount of toilet paper used during each test run was to establish the amount of absorbency based on how many sheets were used during each test run. The green dyed water was used to easily identify the amount of water used and to highlight absorbency. The syringe which was used in increments of milliliters was used to ensure the amount of water that was used for each test run was the same to ensure accuracy. The Results: After completing the above experiment it would seem as though the best toilet paper in terms of saturation would be Charmin, in second would be the Local Store brand and in a distant third White Cloud. That ranking can still be considered accurate in terms of quality. The Charmin and Local Store brands held up better when removing from the roll and also stayed attach to be true 2-ply as advertised. White Cloud ripped apart from the roll and the 2-ply sheets came apart. Although there was not a measurable amount of water to be obtained after each test, the amount of sheets that were saturated and the sheets that were not saturated were visibly observed and recorded. In the first run in which 15 sheets of toilet paper were used, Charmin had 10 sheets saturated/5 sheets unsaturated; White Cloud had 13 sheets saturated/2 sheets unsaturated; Local Store brand had 13 sheets saturated/2 sheets unsaturated. The next test run was with the use of 10 sheets per toilet paper stack. Charmin had 7 sheets saturated/3 sheets unsaturated; White Cloud had 9 sheets saturated/ 1 sheet unsaturated; Local Store brand had 10 sheets saturated/ 0 unsaturated. The last and final test of 5 sheets per toilet paper stack showed the same result across the board with all 5 sheets of each brand saturated. Below is representation of the sheets that show saturation versus those that did not. 15 SHEETS PER STACK Charmin 5 10 Saturated Unsaturated White Cloud 2 13 Saturated Unsaturated Local Store Brand 2 13 Saturated Unsaturated 10 SHEETS PER STACK Charmin 3 7 Saturated Unsaturated 1 White Cloud Saturated Unsaturated 9 Local Store Brand Saturated Unsaturated 10 5 SHEETS PER STACK Charmin Saturated Unsaturated 5 White Cloud Saturated Unsaturated 5 Local Store Brand Saturated Unsaturated 5 After completing the experiment it looks as though the hypothesis first presented turned out to be pretty accurate. The absorbency of each toilet paper stack was determined by the amount of paper in each stack. Charmin, the better brand in terms of softness and thickness outperformed the other two brands in terms of how much was saturated and what was left behind by the lack of saturation. Although expectations were for White Cloud to perform better than the Local Store brand it appeared to be quite the opposite. In fact White Cloud performed much worse than the Local Store brand did, at one point in the experiment the White Cloud brand even produced a â€Å"yellow ring† around the saturated area, something that did not occur with the other two brands. This experimental design was used due to its ease of others being able to follow up with this experiment, whether it is with different brands of toilet paper, different saturation methods or length of time used during saturation. The design plan was instrumental in this experiment due to being able to reference back to how the experiment was to be conducted as well as what I thought the outcome might be. Due to the control of all aspects used in this experiment, from the amount of toilet paper used for each test to the amount of water and time used to test saturation, replicating this experiment could easily be done. This experiment opens up other objects for easy testing by using the same materials, but just not toilet paper every time. In terms of validity, an experiment would need a testable hypothesis, the ability for statistical data and the end results that bring it back to the beginning when the hypothesis was first rendered. This experiment did just that. A hypothesis was formed on the quality of toilet paper in terms of saturation, that hypothesis was tested through numerous test runs which was then followed up with data and in the end the results led back to the hypothesis. To understand which brand of toilet paper was superior the test had to be conducted in such a way that the amount of sheets were reduced during each test run and then the amount of sheets were measured in terms of sheets that ere saturated and sheets that were left unsaturated, doing this allowed the tester to see which brand of toilet paper had the best saturated and unsaturated results compared to the other two brands used. Multiple tests need to be performed to truly be able to back up any hypothesis or results one may give. References Dunbar, Jane (2008, September 25). Toilet Paper Test. Retrieved from http://www. canada. com/ Katwith6lives (2010, December 15). Consumer Products Project- Toilet Paper Absorbency. Retrieved from h ttp://katwith6lives. glogster. com/